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AI vs Machine Learning vs Generative AI: My Beginner Understanding

An overview of the differences in AI/ML/GenAI

As I continue preparing for the AWS Certified AI Practitioner certification, one of the first things I wanted to understand clearly was the difference between artificial intelligence, machine learning, and generative AI.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the broader concept of using computer systems to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as understanding language, recognizing patterns, or making decisions.
Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI where models learn patterns from data and use those patterns to make predictions or decisions.
Generative AI is a type of AI that can generate new content, including text, images, audio, and code.
A simple way I currently think about the relationship is:
AI → Machine Learning → Generative AI
Although this is useful as a beginner mental model, I'm learning that these terms aren't simply interchangeable, and there are different approaches and technologies within each area.
I'm particularly interested in understanding how these concepts connect to AWS services and foundation models. I'm currently exploring Amazon Bedrock and how organizations can use foundation models without having to build and train a large model from scratch.
One thing I'm realizing while studying AI is that understanding why a technology is used seems much more useful than memorizing definitions.
For those who have worked with AI or ML, what concept took you the longest to understand when you were starting out?
Any opinions in this article are those of the individual author and may not reflect the opinions of AWS.
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